“Classical”

classicus = person or thing of the first rank (status built into the term)

values grounded in culture of Rome and Greece

the proper subject of art is Man

Humanism – man is the measure of all things

A poet becomes a poet by learning the craft

clarity and simplicity

intellect more important than emotion

harmony and balance; proportion

the “golden mean” - moderation

restraint, not excess

“politeness” (high civilization)

correctness

decorum

humanity is known through the social,

       reality as negotiated interactively

“common sense”

the test of time

find fundamental rules that are also natural

concatenation of parts into wholes

creative tension between general and particular,

       whole and parts

instruction and delight (utile et dulce)

NOT cold or calculating: balancing passions

Neoclassical - Revival and adaptation of Classical culture for modern purposes during the 17th century and after. In England, neoclassicism reacted against Puritanism after 1660; strong interest in scientific investigation. Taste andpolish, common sense, reason. Deism advancing.

Enlightenment values:

conversation, sociability

checks and balances

critique and self-critique

discoverable universal principles of humans, society, and nature

critique of traditional wisdom and established authorities

reason, scientific method, human and social perfectibility, toleration (especially religious and political)

Romanticism: literary or philosophical theory that sees the individual as at the center of all life and art;

projection of the inward out on the world; inward truth

art develops as organic process, not closed structure

art as expression;

seeking to find the absolute, the ideal, by transcending the actual (as opposed to realism and naturalism)

Reaction against perceived rules and restraints of Neoclassicism predominance of imagination and feeling over reason;

sympathetic interest in the past,

enthusiasm for the wild and grotesque in nature;

mysticism

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