Early to middle 17^th Century

Royalists Puritans

King rules by divine right Creating a commonwealth, ruled by God

Church of England (nominally) Radical religious reformation; Church of England as bad as Catholicism

Holding on to old regime Seeking utopia

The king’s “prerogative” King is not above the law, esp God’s law

Life as art Focus on spiritual world

Worldliness Don’t set up worldly things as idols

Humanism, neoclassicism Radical remaking, arguing for truth

Oil paintings as wealth; nudes Iconoclasm – breaking of images

Power of the image The book , the word

Dissembling, innuendo Fiction, drama, are lies

Theatricality in everything; wit Close the theaters

Rich & complex literary art shows worth Impassioned argumentation, seriousness

Knowingness, political savvy Spiritual self-discipline

New sciences legitimize king’s authority. New sciences represent radical

opportunity for change

End of 17^th-century, early 18^th Century

Tory party Whig party

Emphasize king’s prerogative Emphasize holding monarch accountable through scrutiny

Mysteries of state Transparency in government conduct

Old money – land, rents New money, trade, banking, stocks

Tradition, heritage the future (is the U.S. a Whig country?)

Authority in Church and state tolerate dissenters

(often “Jacobite”—supporters

of the ousted Catholic king)

personal worth = by blood, personal worth = self-made

inheritance

power – personal influence power – social contract, negotiation

High, classical literature the Novel, self-help literature,

Following “the Ancients” praising achievements of “the Moderns”