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| Unit | Discussion, Readings, Assignments
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Unit 1
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Introductions: Who's in the class? Assignments, readings, expectations, groups.
Discussion topics:
- Creative Blockbusting: Uses and abuses of a dictionary
- What is Information? What is Information Compentency?
- Libraries: data/information/knowledge/wisdom; items or collections; books, periodicals, and ephmera; print and digital formats
- Information Life Cycle
Readings (NB: These readings are not required for the first class meeting, but should be read sometime during the first half of the semester. They provide a framework for most of the resource evaluations and much of the in-class dicusssions.)
- *Akst, Daniel (2005) Do Libraries Still Matter? [URL: http://www.carnegie.org/reporter/10/books/index.html] Despite Google's recently announced digitization initiative with several major research libraries, libraries will continue to have a crucial role to play. From the Carnegie Reporter, Vol. 3, No. 2.
- Chmielecki, Andrzej (1998) What is Information? [URL: http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Cogn/CognChmi.htm] A philosophical and cognitive approach to defining information. Paper presented at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy, August 1998.
- Fenton, Dorothy Maie (1938) The Reference Librarian [URL: http://www.jstor.org] Article from the Journal of Higher Education, 9 (3); accessed via JSTOR. Reference service was still in its infancy; how far we have come, how much farther we need to go.
- *Keller, Michael, Victoria Reich, Andrew Herkovic (2003) What is a library anymore, anyway? [URL: http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_5/keller/] Are libraries losing relevance and value as the Internet becomes the primary source of information?
- *Kirk, Elizabeth (2001) Information and Its Counterfeits: Propaganda, Misinformation and Disinformation [URL: http://www.library.jhu.edu/researchhelp/general/evaluating/counterfeit.html] On the importance of authority and validity in information.
- Nitecki, Joseph (1993) The Concepts of Information and Knowledge Revisited [URL: http://www7.twu.edu/library/nitecki/metalibrarianship/Ch-10.html]. Chapter 10 of Metalibrarianship : A Model For Intellectual Foundations of Library Information Science. [URL:
http://www7.twu.edu/library/nitecki/metalibrarianship/index.html]. Also available as ERIC ED363 346. Dense discussion of the philosophical and practical issues in defining "data," "information," and "knowledge." Reading up to 10.4, then skipping to 10.6 covers the main emphasis.
- Sholle, David (1999) What is Information? The Flow of Bits and the Control of Chaos [URL: http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/papers/sholle.html] Defining "information" in the context of computer sciences and economics. A challenging and provocative article from MIT Communications Forum.
- Sveiby, Karl-Eric (1994) What is Information? [URL: http://www.sveiby.com/articles/Information.html] Defines information linguistically, cognitively, cybernetically, and other points of view; a good overview of basic issues.
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Unit 2
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Tools for review:
Discussion topics:
- Information negotiation: a communication model
- Why encyclopedias? (The place of encyclopedias in the research process.)
Readings:
- *Evaluating Information Sources
- Research: a six step process to knowledge
- Dilevko, Juris and Lisa Gottlieb (2002) Print sources in an electronic age: a vital part of the research process for undergraduate students. From The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Volume 28, Issue 6, November-December 2002; available online through ScienceDirect [SCSU Only]. Discusses the confusion between print and electronic sources for undergraduate students and the continuing value of print for research.
- Fogg, B. J., et al. (2002) How Do People Evaluate a Web Site's Credibility? [URL: http://www.consumerwebwatch.org/pdfs/stanfordPTL.pdf] One of a series of studies, this one emphasizing consumer behaviors, from the Stanford University Persuasive Technology Lab's Web Credibility Project; this report is available through Consumer Reports Webwatch.
- Ormondroyd, Joan (rev. 2001) Critically Analyzing Information Sources [URL: http://www.library.cornell.edu/okuref/research/skill26.htm] A good introduction from Cornell University.
- Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim (1999). The Work of the Encyclopedia in the Age of Electronic Reproduction [URL: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_9/pang/] From FirstMonday 3(9). Pang discusses how the shift from print to electronic publishing has affected the structure of articles (e.g., non-linear narrative) and the responsibilities of editors, authors, and users.
- Paul, Jyoti, et al. (2001). What Makes Web Sites Credible? [URL: http://captology.stanford.edu/pdf/p61-fogg.pdf] From Proceedings of ACM CHI 2001 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; a report from the Stanford University Web Credibility Project cited below.
- *Schrock, Kathy (2002). The ABCs of Web Site Evaluation [URL: http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/pdf/weval_02.pdf] A fine summary of core considerationsb; focus is on k-12 settings. For similar articles, see Critical Evaluation Surveys and Resources.
- Smith, Charles, and Chris Phillips (1999) Are Our Academic Libraries Ready for the Internet Generation? [URL: http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/html/cem/cem99/cem991a.html] From Cause/Effect, 22(1). Students are conducting a significant portion of their research on the Web; how do we respond to the challenge?
- *Tillman, Hope (2003). Evaluating Quality on the Net [URL: http://www.hopetillman.com/findqual.html] A common sense approach to evaluating information, with a slight emphasis on Internet information.
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Unit 3
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Tools for review:
Discussion topics:
- Almanacs: Is there such a thing as a quick answer?
- Dictionaries: What's in a word, anyway?
- Historical development of information tools; kinds of tools; context of use
Readings:
- *Bush, Vannevar (1945) "As We May Think" [URL: http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/vbush/vbush.shtml]. Originally published in the July 1945 issue of The Atlantic and "generally regarded by digerati as, if not the literal blueprint for the Net and the World Wide Web, then one of its germinal seeds."
- *Cornell University Library (2004) Timeline: Digital Technology and Preseveration [URL: http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/timeline/popuptest.html] A succinct outline history identifying developments, events, and decisions--professional, organizational, and technological--that continues to change the information environment.
- Eames, Charles and Ray Eames (1957) The Information Machine [URL: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9056777989168461194&pr=goog-sl] A now "quaint" and somewhat naive view of the development of information systems; an early graphic "cartoon" presentation (slightly more than 9 minutes in length).
- Janes, Joseph (2002) What is Reference For? [URL: http://www.ala.org/ala/rusa/rusaprotools/futureofref/whatreference.htm] Janes, founder of the Internet Public Library, discusses various scenarios for the future of reference services.
- Leiner, Barry M., et. al. (1997) Brief History of the Internet [URL: http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml]. General social and technical history of the Internet by the people who were "present at creation."
- *Lesk, Michael (1994) The Seven Ages of Information Retrieval [URL: http://www.ifla.org/VI/5/op/udtop5/udtop5.htm]. Discusses how close we are coming, utilizing Shakespeare's seven ages of man, to fulfilling Vannevar Bush's dream.
- *Sloan, Bernie (1998) Service Perspectives for the Digital Library Remote Reference Services. [URL: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1401584 SCSU Only] From Library Trends, this article provides an early view of online reference. SCSU implemented QuestionPoint, a virtual reference service from OCLC, Spring Semester 2004 (for background, see Building the Virtual Reference Desk (Information Today 18:3 (March 2001), by Laverna Saunders).
- Stewart, Bill (1999-) The Living Internet [URL: http://livinginternet.com/] A constantly updated site providing a fascinating tour and history of the Internet, WWW, EMail, MUDs, IRC, etc.
- Zakon, Robert (1993-) Hobbes' Internet Timeline [URL: http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/]. Outline history and statistical summary of key events and technologies in Internet development and growth.
- White, Herbert S. (1999) Librarians and Information Technology: Which is the Tail and Which is the Dog? [URL: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=2412884 SCSU Only] A somewhat dated essay from Library Trends that values the role of reference librarians.
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Unit 4
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Tools for review:
Discussion topics:
- Metadata to support retrieval
- What gets indexed?
- Where is MnLINK taking Minnesota libraries?
Readings
- Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Susan Leigh Star (1999) Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences [URL: http://epl.scu.edu:16080/~gbowker/classification/] The introduction, first and chapters of the book of the same title published by MIT Press, 1999 (paperback edition published 2000). The introduction, "To Classify is Human," is particularly interesting.
- Cathro, Warwick (1997) Metadata: An Overview [URL: http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/cathro3.html]. A useful and understandable introduction to metadata, specifically the "Dublin Core."
- Coyle, Karen (2005) Catalogs, Card--and Other Anachronisms [URL: http://www.kcoyle.net/jal1-05.html] Will librarians be able to free themselves from the descriptive cataloging tyranny of the 5x7 card?
- Coyle, Karen (2005) Understanding Metadata and Its Purpose [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2004.12.010; from ScienceDirect]
- *Dietz, Roland and Carl Grant (2005) The Dis-Integrating World of Library Automation [URL: http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA606392.html] From Library Journal, June 15, 2005. Why are library automation systems so slow to respond to innovations and challenges posed by Google and Amazon?
- Goodman, Andrew (2002) An End to Metatags (Enough Already, Part 1) [URL: http://www.traffick.com/article.asp?aID=102] Search technology is advancing rapidly; while useful, is metadata necessary?
- *Gorman, Michael (2000) From Card Catalogues to WebPACS: Celebrating Cataloguing in the 20th Century [URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/gorman_paper.html] Is metadata a subset of MARC? Or is MARC codified metadata? A good historical background on the value of cataloging for information retrieval.
- *Dempsey, Lorcan (2005) The Integrated Library System that Isn't [URL: http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/000585.html] Discusses the shortcomings and possible development directions with current integrated library systems.
- *Mann, Thomas (2005) Will Google's Keyword Searching Eliminate the Need for LC Cataloging and Classification? [URL: http://www.guild2910.org/searching.htm] Cataloging and classification will continue to provide the best means to identify relevant materials in a systematic literature search, alerting researchers to unanticipated aspects, to support scholarship
- Morgan, Eric Lease (1999) Catalogs of the future [URL: http://www.infomotions.com/musings/catalogs/].
This is an edited version of an article that appears in Computers in Libraries 19:9 (October 1999).
- Thomas, Sarah E. (2000) The Catalog as Portal to the Internet [URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/thomas_paper.html] On the importance of library catalogs (OPACs) as portals to knowledge, both print and electronic.
- Weibel, Stuart (2000) The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: Mission, Current Activities, and Future Directions [URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/weibel/12weibel.html] From the December 2000 edition of D-Lib Magazine. A useful summary and current status of metadata issues. Geoffrey Rust [(1998) Metadata: The Right Approach from the July 1998 edition of D-Lib Magazine] provides valuable insight into the development of the metadata standards.
- Younger, Jennifer (1996) Access Standards and Retrieval [URL: http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObject.jsp?fileid=0000003520:000000091706&reqid=1268] Discusses the conceptual foundation of authority control as a key to retrieval and the implications of "partial authority" in union catalogs.
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Unit 5
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- How do you find an article on ...?
- Publishing patterns: monographs and serials
Readings:
- Andersen, Donna (2002) Free, Fee-based and Value-added Information Services [URL: http://www.factiva.com/collateral/files/whitepaper_feevsfree_032002.pdf]
- Barnard, Susan (1999) Libraries and e-Books: Opportunities and Issues [URL: http://www.futureprint.kent.edu/articles/barnard01.htm] From the Spring 1999 issue of Future of Print Media Journal.
- Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid (1996) The Social Life of Documents [URL: http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue1/documents/index.html] From First Monday.
- Coyle, Karen (2001) Stakeholders and Standards in the E-book Ecology: Or, it's the economics, stupid [URL: http://www.kcoyle.net/ebook_standards.html] An early discussion of the issues surrounding ebook publishing and user acceptance. For a more recent assessment of the growing ebook niche, see Coyle (2003) E-Books: It's About Evolution, Not Revolution [URL: http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA323334}
- *Hawkins, Brian L. (2001) Information Access in the Digital Era: Challenges and a Call for Collaboration [URL: http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0154.pdf] From the Sept-Oct 2001 issue of Educause Review. Requires Adobe Acrobat.
- *Kaser, Richard T. (2002) Getting It! The Added Value of Helping Users Find Information [URL: http://masetto.ingentaselect.com/vl=3442766/cl=21/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/catchword/alpsp/09531513/v15n1/s5/p33] From Learned Publishing 15(1). Kaser discusses the economic and scholarly environment of the continued publication of indexing and abstracting services.
- Keiser, Barbie E. (2002) From Free to Fee: the Next Trend in Web Site Development [URL: http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/may02/keiser.htm] Discusses how formerly free Internet search sites are moving toward fee-based access.
- Odlyzko, Andrew (2002) The Rapid Evolution of Scholarly Communication [URL: http://masetto.ingentaselect.com/vl=3442766/cl=21/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/catchword/alpsp/09531513/v15n1/s2/p7]. From Learned Publishing 15(1). Are libraries rapidly losing their value in supporting research as scholarship adapts to a digital environment?
- *Widzinski, Lori (2001) The Evolution of Media Librarianship: A tangled history of change and constancy [URL: http://www.utpjournals.com/jour.ihtml?lp=simile/issue3/widzinskifulltext.html] From the August 2001 issue of SIMILE. An overview of the birth and evolution of media librarianship, with a good discussion of changing expectations, new roles, and new demands.
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Unit 6
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Tools to review
- A "holiday" to catch your breath (no tools to review).
Topics for discussion
- Graduate students will present the results of their research this session.
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Unit 7
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- Information seeking behavior
- Social impact of the Internet
Readings:
- *Choo, Chun Wei, et al. (2000) Information Seeking on the Web: An Integrated Model of Browsing and Searching [URL: http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_2/choo/]. Describes an investigation into the information seeking behavior on the Web by knowledge professionals.
- Cool, Colleen, et al. (n.d.) Information Seeking Behavior in New Searching Environments [URL: http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~sypark/colis.html]
- Horrigan, John B and Lee Rainie (2002) Counting on the Internet [URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Expectations.pdf] A report from the Pew Internet & American Life Project on how the Internet "has become a mainstream information tool" and the high expectations among users to find relevant information online.
- Lazar, Jonathan, et al. (2003) Help! I'm Lost: User Frustration in Web Navigation [URL: http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i03/v01i03a02.pdf] From IT & Society 1(3). Valuable discussion of the frustrations experienced when looking for information on the Web.
- *Lubans, John (2002) Act or Re-act: Leadership and the Internet [URL: http://www.lubans.org/on_managing/fall02.htm]. Lubans is widely known for his essays on leadership and his studies on Internet use by students at Duke University. This is a Guardian (UK) article in which John summarizes some of his findings from a high school environment.
- Nahl, Diane (1997) A conceptual framework for explaining information behavior [URL: http://www.utpjournals.com/jour.ihtml?lp=simile/issue2/nahlfulltext.html]. From the May 2001 issue of "SIMILE: Studies in Media and Information Literacy Education. Applies taxonomic, psychodynamic, and ethnomethodological approaches to identify levels and components of information behavior.
- Tenopir, Carol (2003) Use and Users of Electronic Library Resources: An overview and analysis of recent research studies [URL: http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub120/pub120.pdf] An excellent summary and evaluation of recent usage studes of electronic resources.
- Van Scoyoc, Anna M. and Caroline Cason (2006) The Electronic Academic Library: Undergraduate Research Behavior in a Library Without Books. [URL: http://muse.jhu.edu.libproxy.stcloudstate.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v006/6.1van_scoyoc.pdf] From the January 2006 volume of portal: Libraries and the Academy.
- Walker, Janet R., and William E. Moen (2001) Identifying and Categorizing Information Seeking Behaviors in the Networked Environment: An Exploratory Study of Young Adults [URL: http://home.swbell.net/walkerjr/ISBS/finalreport.pdf ; requires Acrobat Reader] An excellent report on an investigation into the information seeking behaviors, including searching and non-searching, of young adults as a guide to the development of information literacy programs.
- *Weiler, Angela (2005) Information-Seeking Behavior in Generation Y Students: Motivation, Critical Thinking, and Learning Theory From The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol 31, No. 1, pp. 46-53.
- Whitmire, Ethelene (2004) The Relationship Between Undergraduates' Epistemological Beliefs, Reflective Judgment, and Their Information-Seeking Behavior From Information Processing & Management, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 97-111.
- Wilson, Tom (2000) Human Information Behavior [URL: http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol3/v3n2p49-56.pdf ; requires Acrobat Reader] From Informing Science, vol. 3, no. 2. A valuable overview of the development and trends in information-seeking behavior research. See also Information Behavior: an interdisciplinary perspectiveapproach, for a critical review of developments to 1997.
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Unit 8
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- What does a word mean? Word sense disambiguation and natural language processing
- How much information is enough? Drowning in a tidal wave of information
Readings:
- Ide, Nancy and Jean Veronis (1998) Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art [URL: http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/~veronis/pdf/1998wsd.pdf] Requires Adobe Acrobat.
- *Feldman, Susan, and Elizabeth Liddy. (2001) The Searching Quagmire From Searcher, May 2001, vol. 9, issue 5, p. 66 [access via Ebscohost Academic Search Premier] The problems and pitfalls of Internet search engines.
- Goodman, Andrew (2001) Search Engines Are Still in the Model 'T' Era [URL: http://www.traffick.com/article.asp?aID=159] A critique of the current state of search engines.
- *Lewandowski, Dirk (2005) Web searching, search engines and Information Retrieval [URL: http://www.durchdenken.de/lewandowski/doc/isu_preprint.pdf (Requires Adobe Acrobat)] How well do Web search engines retrieve relevant information for users when ranking factors are so limited?
- Notess, Greg (2000-2001) Search Engine News [URL: http://www.notess.com/search/] A useful source of current information on search engines; inludes a comparison of search engines. Comparable to Danny Sulllivan's SearchEngine Watch.
- *Withrow, Jason (2002) Do Your Links Stink? Techniques for Good Web Information Scent [URL: http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Jun-02/withrow.html] How Web organization and design affects retrieval.
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Unit 9
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- Identity, gender, race, and other prejudices in information tools
- Do we know too much about that person and yet not enough?
Readings:
- Arnold, Jill, and Hugh Miller (2000) Same Old Gender Plot? Women Academics' Identities on the Web [URL: http://ess.ntu.ac.uk/miller/cyberpsych/gendplot.htm] Reports on how women academics gain information from and present themselves on the Web.
- *Brown, Janelle (2000) What Happened to the Women's Web? [URL: http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/08/25/womens_web/] From the August 2000 edition of Salon.
- Corporation for Public Television (1999) Digital Divide [URL: http://www.pbs.org/digitaldivide/] An informative site with transcriptions and links; based on a PBS television series.
- Eglash, Ron (2002) Race, Sex, and Nerds: From Black Geeks to Asian American Hipsters [URL: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v020/20.2eglash.html]Ž From Social Text, 20.2, pp. 49-64 [Available online from Project MUSE.]
- Ferganchick-Neufang, Julia K. (1998) Virtual Harrassment: Women and Online Education [URL: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_2/fergan/index.html]. Focus is on potential online harrassment to which female instructors may be subjected. An earlier study by the same author, Coverweb: Gender and Electronic Discourse "Harrassment On-Line" (1997), from Kairos: A Journal for teachers of writing in Webbed environments, provides further detail on "student-to-teacher" harrassment.
- *Hargittai, Eszter (2006) Differences in Actual and Perceived Online Skills: The Role of Gender" [URL: http://eszter.com/research/a17-genderskills.html] Social Sciences Quarterly. 87(2):432-448.
- ----- (2006) Content Diversity Online: Myth or Reality [URL: http://www.eszter.com/research/c07-contentdiversity.html] Forthcoming in Media Diversity and Localism: Meanings and Metrics to be published by Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Lorigo, Lori, et al. (2006) The Influence of Task and Gender on Search and Evaluation Behavior Using Google [URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.stcloudstate.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_aset=V-WA-A-W-YZ-MsSWYWW-UUA-U-AAVDYYCADA-AAVCVZCEDA-YUVZUDAVW-YZ-U&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_udi=B6VC8-4HNSBCN-1&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2006&_cdi=5948&_orig=search&_st=13&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000054574&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1822408&md5=7b3958d0dbde4274841287c741d4ef7d] From Information Processing & Management, vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1123-1131.
- U.S. Dept. of Commerce (2000) Falling through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion [URL: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn00/contents00.html] This lengthy federal government report was prepared under the Clinton administration; there is considerable contrast with the Bush administration's NTIA study (2002), A Nation Online [URL: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/dn/index.html]. Steven P. Martin's Is the Digital Divide Really Closing? A Critique of Inequality Measurement in A Nation Online [URL: http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i04/v01i04a01.pdf] shows a very different analysis of the same data.
- Thierer, Adam (2000) A "Digital Divide" or a Deluge of Opportunity? [URL: http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternetandTechnology/EM646.cfm] The memorandum from the Heritage Foundation argues that there is "nothing unusual or inherently unfair" about the patterns of Internet access.
- Wasserman, Ira (2005) Gender and the Internet: Causes of Variation in Access, Level, and Scope of Use From Social Sciences Quarterly, vol. 86, no. 1; to access fulltext from citation, click on FindIt!
- Weisbard, Phyllis Holman (2000) Cyberjanes and Cyberjitters: Myths and Realities of Gender Differences and the Net [URL: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/Talks/waaltalk.htm] From the Wisconsin Association of Academic Librarians Spring Conference, April, 2000.
- *Wresch, William (1996) Information Rich, Information Poor [URL: http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/wresch/C1_INTRO.htm] From Disconnected: Haves and Have-Nots in the Information Age, published by Rutgers Universtiy Press.
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Unit 10
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Tools to review:
Topic for discussion:
- Information and literacies (information, visual, media, and more)
- How much do we know about where we are?
Readings:
- *American Association of School Librarians (1998). Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning. [URL: http://www.ala.org/aaslTemplate.cfm?Section=Information_Power&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=19937]
- American Library Association (1998). A Progress Report on Information Literacy [URL: http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/whitepapers/progressreport.htm] ALA has more recently produced the The Library Advocate's Guide to Building Information Literate Communities [URL: http://www.ala.org/ala/advocacybucket/informationliteracy.pdf] which dicusses methods for getting people involved in information literacy efforts.
- Bruce, Christine Susan (2003) Information Literacy as a Catalyst for Educational Change [URL: http://www.infolit.org/International_Conference/papers/bruce-fullpaper.pdf] Paper presented at the 2003 International Conference of Information Literacy Experts.
- Dobson, Teresa, and Willinsky, John. (2007) Digital Literacy [URL: http://pkp.sfu.ca/files/Digital%20Literacy.pdf] Draft of chapter from Cambridge Handbook on Literacy. Reviews the basic elements of digital literacy from word processing to new literacy studies.
- Humes, Barbara (1999) Understanding Information Literacy [URL: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/UnderLit/] A brief definition of information literacy and its implications in various environments.
- Rockman, Ilene (2002) The Importance of Information Literacy [URL: http://www.exchangesjournal.org/print/print_1100.html] Rockman discusses the growing recognition of the value of information literacy, especially in higher education.
- *Shapiro, Jeremy, and Shelley Hughes (1996). Information literacy as a liberal art. [URL: http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/review/reviewArticles/31231.html]. From the March/April 1996 electronic edition of Educom Review.
- University of Texas System (1998-). Texas Information Literacy Tutorial (TILT) [URL: http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu/] One of the best tutorials available, with resources for librarians and educators.
- *White, Carl M. (1937). Freshmen and the Library [URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1546%28193701%298%3A1%3C39%3AFATL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D] From the Journal of Higher Education, 8 (1); accessed via JSTOR. While the content has changed slightly, the need for information competency was identified a long time ago.
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Unit 11
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- Ethics in information services: pornogaphy/obscenity, security, medical and legal advice.
- Who really controls information?
Readings:
Several national advocacy groups that lobby federal and state legislatures on many issues relating to privacy, censorship, free speech, and access in electronic environments provide valuable historical and current resources. Among these are: Electronic Frontiers Foundation, Electronic Privacy Information Center, American Civil Liberties Union, Chilling Effects, and the Center for Democarcy and Technology. All of these "liberal" groups advocate freedom of speech (and thereby freedom of access). For a presentation of some alternative perspectives, see Technology Liberation Front (conservative,despite the name), the Heritage Foundation. Students are encouraged to recommend other sites, including those presenting alternative points of view.
- *ALA (1997) Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software [URL: http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=IF_Resolutions&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=13090]. Brief summary statement from the ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee. For comparison, see Privacy: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights [URL: http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/statementsif/interpretations/privacyinterpretation.pdf]
- Consumer Reports (2005) Filtering Software: Better, but still fallible This is a brief report; the full report will be available through Academic Search Premier in September 2005.
- Edelman, Benjamin (2002) Sites Blocked by Internet Filtering Programs [URL: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/edelman/mul-v-us/] A report prepared for Multnomah County Public Library et al., vs. United States of America, et al. challenging the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA).
- Guevara, Larry (1998) Plain or Filter: Considering a filter program? [URL: http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/review/reviewArticles/33204.html]. A personal reflection on using a filter in a high school setting.
- *Heins, Marjorie and Christina Cho (2001) Internet Filters: a Public Policy Report [URL: http://www.ncac.org/issues/internetfilters.html] From the National Coalition Against Censorship; a survey of filtering products and services and tests of those products and services. An alternative discussion of the topic, Why is filtering software controversial?, comes from the GetNetWise Initiative.
- Magid, Lawrence J. (1996) Child Safety on the Information Highway [URL: http://www.safekids.com/child_safety.htm]. Discusses the risks inherent in Internet access and proposes guidelines for making children "street smart." Disney has developed a "sanitized" Internet training package for young kids at Surf Swell Island; Magid reviews the site at Disney Characters Preach Virtues of Internet Child Safety.
- Milton, John (1644) Areopagitica: A speech for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the parliament of England [URL: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~rbear/areopagitica.html]. The fulltext of Milton's essay/speech; from Renascence Editions. Several of the major points are extracted and more readily accessible in The Areopagitica [URL: http://www.stlawrenceinstitute.org/vol14mit.html]; see also Blasi, Vincent (1995) Milton's Areopagitica and the Modern First Amendment [URL: http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/ideasv42/blasi4.htm] Blasi contextualizes and explicates the Milton's points.
- Minneapolis Public Library (1996-2001) Internet Policy and Internet Use Guidelines [URL: http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/policy.asp] The MPL policy, which is similar to that of many public libraries, was revised in response to a legal challenge from librarians.
- Thornburgh, Dick, and Herbert S. Lin (2002). Youth, Pornography, and the Internet [URL: http://www.nap.edu/html/youth_internet/]. This lengthy book, produced by the Committee to Study Tools and Strategies for Protecting Kids from Pornography and Their Applicability to Other Inappropriate Internet Content (obviously a Presidential committee), covers all the major issues surrounding access to "inappropriate materials and experiences," in which filtering plays a role. The final chapter, Findings, Conclusions, and Future Needs provides an adequate summary of the book.
- *Tramontana, Richard (2001) Controlling Internet Content Won't Work [URL: http://www.oii.org/html/tram.htm] Discusses background of filtering and the need for teachers and librarians to assume responsibility for teaching people to become self-regulating users of the Internet.
- Werby, Elisabeth (1999) The Cyber-Library: Legal and Policy Issues Facing Public Libraries in the High-Tech Era [URL: http://www.ncac.org/issues/cyberlibrary.html]
- *Wilson, Bonita (2001) Internet Privacy: An Oxymoron? [URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may01/05editorial.html] Editorial in the May 2001 edition of D-Lib Magazine.
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Unit 12
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- Copyright and fair use
- Who owns what information?
Readings:
- Alrashid, Tareq, et al. (1998) Safeguarding Copyrighted Contents [URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april98/04barker.html]. From the April 1998 online edition of D-Lib Magazine.
- *Association of American University Presses (2005) Campus Copyright Rights and Responsibilities: A Basic Guide to Policy Considerations [URL: http://aaupnet.org/aboutup/issues/Campus_Copyright.pdf] Divergent groups come together to explain copyright law and discuss current issues in higher education (applicable to all levels of education).
- Association of Research Libraries (1998) Fair Use in the Electronic Age [URL: http://www.arl.org/info/frn/copy/fairuse.html]
- Case, Mary, and Prudence Adler (2002) Promoting Open Access: Developing New Strategies for Managing Copyright and Intellectural Property [URL: http://arl.cni.org/newsltr/220/access.html] Discusses, among other topics, the Budapest Open Access Initiative [URL: http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml].
- Götze, Dietrich (1998) Publisher/Library Relationship in the Digital Environment, [URL: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla64/159-90e.htm]. Text of Götze's presentation to IFLA outlining the publisher's position.
- *Harper, Georgia and The University of Texas Systems, Office of General Counsel (2001) Crash Course in Copyright [URL: http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/cprtindx.htm] Probably the best overivew of copyright for educators, with an emphasis on higher education, but applicable at all levels.
- Regents' (Georgia) Copyright Committee (1998-2005). Regents Guide to Understanding Copyright and Educational Fair Use [URL: http://www.usg.edu/admin/legal/copyright/]. Excellent source illustrating applications of fair use guidelines.
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Unit 13
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Tools to review:
Topics for discussion:
- What is an "information professional"?
Readings:
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Unit 14
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Tools to review:
Topic for discussion:
- The Future.
- Where do we go from here?
Readings:
There are many interesting articles that discuss the increasing use of digital and diminishing use of print information resources in libraries. Several of the more interesting ones are included below. Also, there are a couple of readings about the future in general, with particular emphasis on potential changes in computing and their impact upon society.
Note: Don't be intimidated by the long list below, all of which are either in the LRS collections or linked online. I'm not asking that you read all of these, but you should be aware of the general philosophic positions put forward. If I were to recommend one over any other it would be Steve Talbott's electronic newsletter, NetFuture: Technology and Human Responsibility, listed below. If you're interested in finding out more about several of the the individuals listed below, brief biographies can be found at Digerati.
- Benton Foundation (1996) Buildings, Books, and Bytes: libraries and communities in the digital age [URL: http://www.benton.org/publibrary/kellogg/buildings.html]. This research summary fostered considerable discussion when first published, and remains a provocative issue.
- Birkerts, Sven. (1994) Gutenberg Elegies: the fate of reading in an electronic age.
- Borchardt, Karen, and Jennifer Croud (2001) Digital Reference Service: A New Service or the Next Logical Step [URL: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/papers/digitalref.doc] Paper presented at the AustralAsia Educause conference, May 2001.
- *Corcoran, Cate (1997) Are we ready for the library of the future? [URL: http://www.salonmag.com/21st/feature/1997/12/02feature.html] From December 1997 edition of Salon
- *Crawford, Walt (1998) Paper Persists: Why physical library collections still matter. [URL: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20582; available through Ebscohost Academic Search Premier]. Excellent discussion of all the disadvantages to an all-digital library. From the January 1998 issue of Online.
- Creth, Sheila (1996). The Electronic Library: Slouching Toward the Future or Creating a New Information Environment. Text of a presentation at the University of Ulster, 25th September 1996.
- Dertouzos, Michael (1997) What will be: how the new world of information will change our lives.
- Dougherty, Richard (2002) Planning for New Library Futures [URL: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=6697575]
- Horowitz, Lisa (2005) The Viability of Live Online Reference: An Assessment [URL: http://80-muse.jhu.edu.libproxy.stcloudstate.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v005/5.2horowitz.html] A review and assessment of the MIT's online reference service.
- Kaske, Neal (2004) The Ubiquitous Library is Here [URL: http://80-muse.jhu.edu.libproxy.stcloudstate.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v004/4.2kaske.html]
- Lanham, Richard. (1993) Electronic Word: democracy, technology, and the arts.
- Lewis, David W. (1998) What if Libraries are Artifact-Bound Insitutions. From Information Technology and Libraries, 17(4); available online via Proquest ABI/Inform.
- Library of Congress (2000) LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress: Executive Summary [URL: http://books.nap.edu/html/lc21/es.html] The contents for the fulltext of this book published by the National Academy Press guides you to many interesting chapters.
- Lougee, Carolyn (1993) Professional Implications of Electronic Information. [URL: http://www.cni.org/docs/tech.schol.human/Lougee.html]. Discusses the effect that electronic information resources can be expected to have on the academic profession.
- Lynch, Clifford (2002) Digital Collections, Digital Libraries and the Digitization of Cultural Heritage Information [URL: http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/lynch/index.html]
- Negroponte, Nicholas. (1995) Being Digital.
- Odlyzko, Andrew (1997) Silicon dreams and silicon bricks: the continuing evolution of libraries. From Library Trends, 46(1); available online through Ebscohost Academic Search Premier. A valuable counterpoint to Crawford (and others). Odlyzko is Director of the Digital Media Center at the University of Minnesota.
- Postman, Neil. (1992) Technopoly: the surrender of culture to technology. Postman's earlier speech to the German Informatics Society, Informing Ourselves to Death (1990) [URL: http://world.std.com/~jimf/informing.html], presents information glut as primarily the result of technology.
- Rusbridge, Chris (1998) Towards the Hybrid Library [URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july98/rusbridge/07rusbridge.html] From D-Lib Magazine. Discusses various projects of the UK Electronic Libraries Program (eLib) and argues in favor of a balance of traditional collections and services with innovative digital forms.
- Slouka, Mark. (1995) War of the Worlds: cyberspace and the high-tech assault on reality.
- Stoll, Clifford. (1995) Silicon Snake Oil: second thoughts on the information highway.
- Stone, Allucquere Rosanne. (1995) The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age.
- Talbott, Stephen. (1996) The Future Does Not Computer: transcending the machines in our midst.
Talbott edits the very interesting online forum, Netfuture [URL: http://www.netfuture.org/], which continues discussion of the main thesis presented in his book.
- *Troll, Denise (2001) How and Why are Libraries Changing? [URL: http://www.diglib.org/use/whitepaper.htm] Background paper for a discussion on how and why library use is changing; sponsored by the Digital Library Federation and the Council on Library and Information Resources.
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Unit 15
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Tools to review:
Topic for discussion:
- Continuing discussion of The Future.
- Where do we go from here?
Course
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