Upper-Air Observation Decoding Guide

Here is the symbolic form of upper air observations worldwide

In this model:

TT Temperature (°C)
DD

Dew Point Depression (T - Td) °C

Note: Some web sites use dew point in the spot. How can you tell the difference? By knowing that the dew point temperature can never be higher than the temperature.

  • Example 1 (500 mb chart from UCAR): This has to be dew point depression since there are values higher than the temperature
  • Example 2 (500 mb chart from NWS Storm Prediction Center): Note that the green numbers to the lower left must be dew point temperatures since they are negative
Note 2: This may be coded as "X" if the relative humidity is less than about 5%
HHH

Coded height of the surface above mean sea level (always 3 digits)

  • 925 mb: in meters
  • 850 mb: last three digits of height (meters; leading 1 dropped - Standard Atmosphere Height about 1.5 km)
  • 700 mb: last three digits of height (meters; leading 2 or 3 dropped- Standard Atmosphere Height about 3 km)
  • 500, 400, 300 mb: decameters (tens of meters; units digits assumed to be zero)
  • 250, 200, 100 mb: decameters (tens of meters; units digits assumed to be zero) with 10,000 digit dropped (assumed to be 1)
ddd

Wind direction (degrees) (to nearest 5)

fff

Wind speed (kt)

  • Always plotted on the clockwise side of the wind shaft
  • System:
    Pennant 50 kt
    Full barb 10 kt
    Half barb 5 kt
  • See description of wind barb in surface station model key for more

 

hh Height change in last 12 hours (decameters: 10's of meters)
N

Sky cover at that level

Here's an example of the Upper Air Station Model

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